Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that develops in the cells (melanocytes) that produce melanin, the pigment that gives your skin its color. While it’s less common than other types of skin cancers, melanoma is more dangerous because it’s more likely to spread to other parts of the body if not caught early.

The ABCDE rule is a simple way to remember the major symptoms of melanoma. When checking your skin, look for these signs:

A – Asymmetry: One half of the mole doesn’t match the other half.

B – Border: The edges are irregular, ragged, notched, or blurred.

C – Color: The color is not the same throughout and may include shades of brown or black, sometimes with patches of pink, red, white, or blue.

D – Diameter: The spot is larger than 6 millimeters across (about ¼ inch – the size of a pencil eraser), although melanomas can sometimes be smaller than this.

E – Evolving: The mole is changing in size, shape, or color.

• Examine your skin once a month in a well-lit room in front of a full-length mirror.
• Use a hand mirror to look at hard-to-see areas.
• Look at all areas, including your palms and soles, scalp, ears, nails, and back.
• Keep track of your moles, and note any changes over time.

If you notice any moles or skin lesions that exhibit these characteristics, or if they change, itch, or bleed, make an appointment with a dermatologist or your healthcare provider. Early detection is key in treating melanoma effectively.

• Avoid direct sunlight during midday.
• Wear sunscreen year-round with an SPF of 30 or higher.
• Wear protective clothing, such as hats and long sleeves, when outdoors.
• Avoid tanning beds.