Acne Vulgaris is the most common form of acne. It is characterized by the appearance of blackheads, and whiteheads, pimples and nodules on the face, chest, shoulders and back.

Pimples, also called papules or pustules, are red, inflamed, and often contain pus. Blackheads, also known as open comedomes, are clogged pores that have a black appearance due to the oxidization of melanin. Whiteheads, also known as closed comedomes, are clogged pores that have a white appearance.

Acne is caused by the overproduction of oil in the skin, which accumulates in the pores and traps dead skin cells. Normal skin bacteria migrate into the pores. In response, the body’s immune system attacks the bacteria. This results in inflammation, redness, swelling, pimples and discoloration. When the inflammation goes deeper into the skin the result is nodules and cysts. Cystic acne is the most serious form of acne.

There are several factors that can contribute to the development of acne, including hormones, genetics, and certain medications. Hormonal changes during adolescence, pregnancy, and menopause can cause an increase in oil production leading to the development of acne.

Genetics also play a role in determining who is more likely to develop acne. Certain medications, such as corticosteroids, lithium, and androgens can also cause acne. Additionally, lifestyle and environmental factors can contribute to developing or worsening acne. These include stress, a hot and humid climate, and oil-based makeup and skincare products.

During your consultation Dr. Devorah Shagalov will ask about your medical and family history and the symptoms you are experiencing. She will then examine your skin to determine the type, severity, and distribution of your acne. Diagnosis is usually made by visual inspection, and she may also use a tool called a dermoscope to examine the skin more closely.

Dr. Shagalov will discuss with you the potential causes of your acne which will influence your treatment options. She will grade your acne on severity and risk of scarring. Mild acne is whiteheads, blackheads and pimples. These are either non- inflammatory or mildly inflammatory and often heal without scarring. Moderate and severe acne are inflamed and often cause scarring. In cystic acne, nodules can be very deep and painful and cause significant scarring.

It’s important to see Dr. Shagalov if you have severe or persistent acne that does not respond to over-the-counter treatments. Dr. Shagalov will also ask about your skin hygiene and suggest ways to avoid aggravating your acne. She will also develop a treatment plan for each patient based on the severity of their case, provide the most appropriate treatment options and monitor your progress.

The sooner acne is treated the less likely it will cause pigment changes and permanent scarring. Effective treatments can help to clear your skin, prevent breakouts and help you feel better about yourself.